References and Resources
We've included links below to the references used in our publications. Where possible, we've included references that are easy to understand for the average person. We encourage you to share this page with clients looking for more information on topics.
References are grouped by topic or book theme.
Labor and Birth
These references and resources correspond to the Labor and Birth chapter of Preparing for Birth.
Physiological changes in pregnancy, Cardiovascular Journal of Africa
Pregnancy Test: When To Take, Types & Accuracy, Cleveland Clinic
Pregnancy weight gain: What's healthy?. Mayo Clinic
Relaxin in Human Pregnancy, Ann N Y Acad Sci
Endocrinology of Pregnancy, NIH
The physiology and pharmacology of oxytocin in labor and in the peripartum period, AJOG
Methods for Estimating the Due Date, ACOG
Pregnancy Length May Vary by 5 Weeks, Journal of the American Medical Association
Definition of Term Pregnancy, ACOG
Evidence on: Inducing for Due Dates, Evidence Based Birth
Evaluation of Gestation, Medscape
Contractions: Pregnancy, How They Feel & How Long They Last, Cleveland Clinic
Early Signs and Symptoms of Labor, MedicineNet
What are the stages of labor?, NIH
Normal Labor and Delivery, Medscape
What is the second stage of labour?, NCT
Baby Crowning: What (and When) Is It and What Does It Feel Like?, Healthline
Evidence on: Birthing Positions - Evidence Based Birth®
Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour, Cochrane Database Syst Rev.
Midwives' approaches to early pushing urge in labour, British Journal of Midwifery
Delivering the placenta in the third stage of labour, Cochrane Summaries
Special Tests for Monitoring Fetal Health, ACOG
Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Guidelines Updated, Medscape
Evidence Based Fetal Monitoring, Evidence Based Birth
Evidence on: IV Fluids During Labor, Evidence Based Birth
Vital Signs (Body Temperature, Pulse Rate, Respiration Rate, Blood Pressure)
Epidural analgesia in labor: A narrative review, International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetric
Labor Induction: Research and Evidence, Childbirth Connection
Induction of labor: Techniques for preinduction cervical ripening, UpToDate
What to know about Foley bulb induction, Medical News Today
Cervical Ripening and Induction of Labor, AAFP
Evidence on: Premature Rupture of Membranes, Evidence Based Birth
Amniotomy for shortening spontaneous labour, Cochrane
Natural Labor Induction Series, Evidence Based Birth
Postterm Pregnancy: Beyond the Basics, UpToDate
Ultrasonography in Biophysical Profile, Medscape
Using a Simplified Bishop Score to Predict Vaginal Delivery, NCBI
Premature Rupture of Membranes, Medscape
Evidence on: Induction or C-section for a Big Baby?, Evidence Based Birth
Your baby in the birth canal, Medline Plus
How to Turn a Breech Baby, VeryWellFamily
Fetal Positions for Birth, Cleveland Clinic
The Three Principles In Pregnancy, Spinning Babies
Episiotomy and Repair, Medscape
Advancing an Evidence-Based Approach to Episiotomy, Maternal Health Task Force
Oxytocin Alone Prevents Postpartum Hemorrhage, Medscape
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome, Medscape
Intrapartum Fetal Monitoring, AFP
Evidence on: Group B Strep in Pregnancy, Evidence Based Birth
Comfort Measures
These references and resources correspond to Finding Comfort and the Comfort Measures chapter of Preparing for Birth.
Continuous support for women during childbirth, Cochrane
Evidence on Doulas, Evidence Based Birth
The Role of Hormones in Childbirth, Childbirth Connection
Most healthy women would benefit from light meal during labor, ASAHQ
Eating and drinking in labour, Cochrane
Lamaze Healthy Birth Practices
Moving Beyond the 0–10 Scale for Labor Pain Measurement, Anesthesia & Analgesia
Nonpharmacologic approaches for pain management during labor compared with usual care, Birth
Massage in labour, BabyCentre UK
Free relaxation scripts, Inner Health Studio
Birth, Bath, and Beyond: The Science and Safety of Water Immersion During Labor and Birth, NCBI
Pain management for women in labour – an overview, Cochrane
Outcomes of Pregnant Patients with Low Back Pain Undergoing Chiropractic Treatment, BMC
Pregnancy and chiropractic: a narrative review of the literature, NCBI
Sterile water injections for the relief of pain in labour, Cochrane
Labor and Delivery, Analgesia, Regional and Local, Medscape
Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour, Cochrane
Epidural – Everything You Should Know About It, American Pregnancy Association
Pregnancy
These references and resources correspond to Healthy Pregnancy.
Exercise During Pregnancy, ACOG
Pregnancy Nutrition: Foods to avoid during pregnancy, Mayo Clinic
How to Avoid Emotional Stress During Pregnancy, Verywell Mind
Fetus to Mom: You're Stressing Me Out!, WebMD
Eating During Pregnancy, KidsHealth from Nemours
Health and Nutrition Information, MyPlate
Pregnancy diet: Focus on these essential nutrients, Mayo Clinic
Birth Approaches and Healthcare
These references and resources correspond to Birth Choices.
ACNM Responds to Release of ARRIVE Trial Study Results
Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health Program (AIM)
Continuous Support for Women During Childbirth, Cochrane Library
Choosing the right health care provider for pregnancy and childbirth, MedlinePlus
Midwifery linked to better birth outcomes in state-by-state report cards, Science Daily
National Vital Statistics Report: Final Birth Data for 2021, CDC
Access to Maternity Providers: Midwives and Birth Centers, MACPAC
The Credentials CNM and CM, American College of Nurse-Midwives
Postpartum
These references and resources correspond to the Postpartum Recovery chapter of Settling In with Baby and the Life with Baby chapter of Preparing for Birth.
Delivering the placenta in the third stage of labour, Cochrane
Getting Started with Breastfeeding, Stanford Medicine
Human placentophagy: a review, Am J Obstet Gynecol
Vaginal Tears During Childbirth, Cleveland Clinic
Postpartum care: What to expect after a vaginal birth, Mayo Clinic
3 Conditions to Watch for After Childbirth, ACOG
Postpartum blood clots and bleeding: What to expect, Medical News Today
Cesarean Delivery, Medline Plus
Reducing Discomfort After Cesarean Birth Using Abdominal Binders, MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs.
How to speed up recovery from a cesarean delivery, Medical News Today
Optimizing Postpartum Care , Committee Opinion, Number 736, ACOG
Postpartum Depression, Mayo Clinic
Postpartum Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, PSI
Pregnancy and Postpartum Mental Health, Postpartum Support International
Prevention and Treatment of Traumatic Childbirth Resource Guide
Depression during and after pregnancy fact sheet, Women's Health
How a postpartum doula can help, BabyCenter
An Introduction to API's Eight Principles, Attachment Parenting International
Newborn Care
These references and resources correspond to Newborn Care, the Your Newborn chapter of Settling In with Baby and the Life with Baby chapter of Preparing for Birth.
Uninterrupted Skin-to-Skin Contact Immediately After Birth, Medscape
Breast Crawl: A Scientific Overview - Initiation of Breastfeeding by Breast Crawl
Neonatal Resuscitation: Updated Guidelines from the American Heart Association
Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping After Birth, ACOG
The Evidence on: Erythromycin Eye Ointment for Newborns, Evidence Based Birth
Vitamin K and the Newborn Infant, AAP
Skin barrier in the neonate, Pediatric Dermatology
How often should you bathe a newborn?, Medical News Today
Hepatitis B Vaccine: What Parents Need to Know, Healthy Children
Newborn Screening, Medline Plus
Early Hearing Detection and Intervention, American Academy of Pediatrics
Newborn Hearing Screening FAQs, Healthy Children
Newborn Jaundice, Medline Plus
Jaundice in Newborns, Kids Health
Low Birthweight, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Infant and Toddler Nutrition, CDC
See the Breastfeeding Topic
What Does a Safe Sleep Environment Look Like?, NIH
Cosleeping Safely, Ask Dr. Sears
Infantile Colic: Recognition and Treatment, AFP
Shaken Baby Syndrome, Mayo Clinic
Diapering Your Baby, KidsHealth
Baby bath basics: A parent's guide, Mayo Clinic
Umbilical Cord Care: Do’s and Don’ts for Parents, Mayo Clinic
Tips for Dressing Your Baby, Healthy Children
Baby Carriers and Other Equipment, International Hip Dysplasia Institute
Information on Safety in the Home & Community for Parents with Infants & Toddlers (Ages 0-3), CDC
Car Seats and Booster Seats, NHTSA
Vaccines at 1 to 2 Months, CDC
Make the Most of Your Baby’s Visit to the Doctor (Ages 0 to 11 Months), OASH
Common Infant and Newborn Problems, Medline Plus
Breastfeeding
These references and resources correspond to Breastfeeding Your Baby, the Breastfeeding chapter of Settling In with Baby and the Life with Baby chapter of Preparing for Birth.
Getting Started with Breastfeeding, Stanford School of Medicine
Protocols, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine
Protective effect of breastfeeding with regard to children's behavioral and cognitive problems, NCBI
Human Milk Composition: Nutrients and Bioactive Factors, NCBI
Uninterrupted Skin-to-Skin Contact Immediately After Birth, Medscape
Breast Crawl: A Scientific Overview - Initiation of Breastfeeding by Breast Crawl
Lie Back and Relax! A Look at Laid-Back Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding your newborn - what to expect in the early weeks, KellyMom
Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative
Pacifiers: Are they good for your baby?, Mayo Clinic
How Much Milk Your Baby Needs, WIC
The Phases of Breast Milk, WIC
Sore Nipples or Breasts? KellyMom
Breast Engorgement: Is It Normal? What Can I Do About It?, Healthline
What to know about inverted nipples, Medical News Today
Flat or Inverted Nipples, Breastfeeding Basics
Increasing Your Milk Supply, Breastfeeding Basics
Increasing Milk Supply, Ask Dr. Sears
Foremilk and hindmilk - what does this mean?, Kelly Mom
Thrush and Breastfeeding Signs, Symptoms and Treatment, VeryWell Family
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